Mbere y'uko umuntu yumva icyorezo gishya cya coronavirus gitera iyi ndwara ubu yitwa COVID-19, Terri Johnson yari afite gahunda. Johnson, umuyobozi ushinzwe ubuzima n'umutekano mu kazi muri WS Badcock Corp. i Mulberry, muri Florida, yavuze ko buri kigo cyose kigomba kubikora.
“Birumvikana ko twagombye guteganya ibibi no kwiringira ibyiza,” ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Johnson, umuforomo wemewe w’ubuzima bw’akazi wakoreye mu Ishyirahamwe ry’ibikoresho byo mu rugo rya Badcock mu gihe cy’imyaka 30. Iyi virusi, nikomeza gukwirakwira, ishobora kuba imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye yahuye nazo muri icyo gihe.
Iyi ndwara, yatangiriye mu ntara ya Hubei mu Bushinwa, yadindije inganda n’ubwikorezi muri icyo gihugu, ibangamira urusobe rw’ibikoresho ku isi. Mu kwezi gushize, ikinyamakuru Fortune cyavuganye na HFA gishaka uburyo ibikoresho byo mu nzu bifatwa ku ngaruka. Ingingo yacyo yari ifite umutwe ugira uti: “Uko coronavirus ikwirakwira, n’abagurisha ibikoresho muri Amerika batangiye kumva ingaruka.”
Jesús Capó yagize ati: “Tuzabura gato ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe — ariko nibikomeza, nyuma y’igihe runaka uzakenera gushaka ibindi bikoresho ahandi.” Capó, visi perezida akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru w’itangazamakuru muri El Dorado Furniture i Miami, ni perezida wa HFA.
Jameson Dion yabwiye Fortune ati: “Dufite uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibintu bitunguranye, ariko niba dukomeje kubona ibirarane, dushobora kutagira ububiko buhagije cyangwa tukabura ibyo dushaka mu gihugu.” Ni visi perezida ushinzwe amasoko mpuzamahanga muri City Furniture i Tamarac, muri Florida. “Twiteze ingaruka zikomeye ku bucuruzi, ariko ntituzi ububi bwabyo.”
Ingaruka zishobora kubaho zishobora no kwigaragaza mu bundi buryo. Nubwo ikwirakwira rya virusi muri Amerika ryagabanutse hanze y’uduce duke, kandi ikibazo ku baturage muri rusange kiracyari gito, abayobozi bo mu kigo gishinzwe kurwanya indwara n’ubwandu bateganya ko icyorezo cyakwirakwira cyane hano.
“Biratangaje cyane uburyo iyi ndwara yakwirakwiriye vuba kandi hari byinshi byabaye kuva Ubushinwa bwatangira gutangaza abarwayi b’indwara nshya mu mpera z’Ukuboza,” Dr. Nancy Messonnier, umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyita ku Nkingo n’Indwara z’Ubuhumekero muri CDC, yagize ati: “Biratangaje cyane uburyo iyi ndwara yakwirakwiriye vuba kandi hari byinshi byabaye kuva aho Ubushinwa bwatangaje ubwa mbere ko hari abarwayi barwaye indwara nshya mu mpera z’Ukuboza.” Yavuganaga n’abahagarariye ubucuruzi mu kiganiro cyateguwe n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Ubucuruzi ry’Igihugu.
Ikibazo cyo gukwirakwira mu baturage gishobora gutuma ibikorwa binini bikorerwa mu ruhame bihagarikwa. Ikigo gishinzwe isoko rya High Point cyavuze ko kirimo gukurikirana ibikorwa ariko giteganya gukoresha isoko ryo mu mpeshyi kuva ku ya 25 kugeza ku ya 29 Mata. Ariko icyo cyemezo gishobora no gufatwa na Guverineri wa Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, Roy Cooper, ufite ububasha bwo guhagarika ibikorwa kubera impamvu z'ubuzima rusange. Bigaragara ko abitabira bazaba bake, haba kubera amategeko agenga ingendo mpuzamahanga n'impungenge muri Amerika.
Ford Porter, umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe itumanaho wa Guverineri Cooper, yasohoye itangazo ku ya 28 Gashyantare agira ati: “Isoko ry’ibikoresho byo mu nzu rya High Point rifite agaciro gakomeye mu bukungu bw’akarere no muri leta yose. Nta mugambi wo kurihagarika. Itsinda rya Guverineri rishinzwe icyorezo cya coronavirus rizakomeza kwibanda ku gukumira no kwitegura, kandi turasaba abaturage bose ba Karoline y’Amajyaruguru kubikora.”
“Ishami ry’Ubuzima n’Imirimo ya Kimuntu n’Ubuyobozi bw’Ibibazo byihutirwa riri gukurikirana hafi coronavirus kandi rikorana n’Abanya-Karoline y’Amajyaruguru mu gukumira no kwitegura ibibazo bishobora kuvuka. Mu gihe habayeho ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cyihutirwa, icyemezo cyo kugira ingaruka ku gikorwa muri Karoline y’Amajyaruguru cyafatwa ku bufatanye n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ubuzima n’umutekano rusange n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze. Nta mpamvu yo kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa biteganijwe muri iyo leta, kandi Abanya-Karoline y’Amajyaruguru bagomba gukomeza kumva abayobozi ba DHHS n’Ubuyobozi bw’Ibibazo byihutirwa kugira ngo bahabwe amakuru mashya n’ubuyobozi.”
Imurikagurisha ry’ibikoresho byo mu nzu rya Salone del Mobile ryabereye i Milan mu Butaliyani, ryasubitse imurikagurisha ryaryo ryo muri Mata kugeza muri Kamena, ariko “ntituragerayo muri iki gihugu,” Dr. Lisa Koonin, washinze Health Preparedness Partners LLC, yavuze ku muhamagaro wa CDC wo ku ya 28 Gashyantare. “Ariko navuga ko mukomeze kuba maso, kuko gusubika amakoraniro menshi ari uburyo bwo kwirinda intera ndende, kandi bishobora kuba igikoresho abayobozi b’ubuzima rusange basaba niba tubona icyorezo gikomeye.”
Johnson wa Badcock ntacyo yakora kuri ibyo, ariko ashobora gufata ingamba zo kurinda abakozi n'abakiriya b'ikigo cye. Abandi bacuruzi bagomba gutekereza ku ngamba nk'izo.
Icya mbere ni ugutanga amakuru meza. Abakiriya basanzwe bibaza niba bashobora kwandura ibicuruzwa biturutse mu Bushinwa, nk'uko Johnson yabitangaje. Yateguye inyandiko ku bayobozi b'amaduka ivuga ko nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko iyi virusi yandujwe n'ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mu mahanga igera ku bantu. Ibyo ni ingaruka nke, bitewe n'uko muri rusange virusi nk'izo zidapfa kubaho ku buso butandukanye, cyane cyane iyo ibicuruzwa biri mu nzira mu gihe cy'iminsi myinshi cyangwa ibyumweru byinshi ku bushyuhe bw'ikirere.
Kubera ko uburyo bushoboka cyane bwo kwanduzanya ari ugukoresha ibitonyanga by'ubuhumekero no gukoranaho n'umuntu ku wundi, iyi nyandiko igira inama abayobozi b'amaduka gukurikiza ingamba zimwe na zimwe zo kwirinda zakoreshwa mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura ibicurane cyangwa indwara z'ubuhumekero: gukaraba intoki, gupfuka inkorora no kwitsamura, guhanagura aho babika ibikoresho n'ahandi no kohereza abakozi mu rugo basa n'abarwaye.
Johnson yashimangiye ko ingingo ya nyuma ari ingenzi cyane. Yagize ati: “Abagenzuzi bagomba kuba maso bakamenya icyo bagomba kureba.” Ibimenyetso biragaragara: gukorora, kuziba kw'imitsi, guhumeka nabi. Abakozi bagera kuri 500 bakorera mu biro bikuru bya Badcock i Mulberry, kandi Johnson arashaka kureba no gusuzuma umukozi wese ufite ibyo bimenyetso. Ingamba zishobora gukorwa zirimo kumwohereza mu rugo cyangwa, niba
Johnson yavuze ko abakozi bagomba kuguma mu rugo niba bumva batameze neza. Bafite uburenganzira bwo gutaha mu gihe babona ko ubuzima bwabo buri mu kaga ku kazi - kandi ntibashobora guhanwa baramutse babikoze.
Guhangana n'abakiriya bagaragaza ibimenyetso ni ikintu kigoye. Dr. Koonin yatanze inama yo gushyiraho ibyapa bisaba abantu barwaye kutinjira mu iduka. Ariko icyizere kigomba kujya mu mpande zombi. Yagize ati: “Itegure gusubiza igihe abakiriya bahangayikishijwe cyangwa bakeneye amakuru.” “Bagomba kumenya ko urimo gukura abakozi barwaye mu kazi kawe kugira ngo bizere ko baza.”
Byongeye kandi, Koonin yagize ati: “Ubu ni igihe cyiza cyo gutekereza ku bundi buryo bwo kugeza ibicuruzwa na serivisi ku bakiriya. Tubayeho mu gihe gitangaje aho atari ngombwa ko ibintu byose bikorwa imbonankubone. Tekereza ku buryo bwo kugabanya imikoranire ya hafi hagati y'abakozi n'abakiriya.”
Ibyo ntibivuze ko izo ngamba zikenewe ubu, ariko ibigo bigomba kugira gahunda y'uko byakora mu gihe habayeho icyorezo cyagutse.
Koonin yagize ati: “Ni ngombwa ko utekereza uburyo bwo gukurikirana no gusubiza ibibazo by’abatari mu kazi. Ntituzi ikizakurikiraho, ariko hari amahirwe ko abantu benshi bazarwara, nubwo abenshi muri bo barwara gake. Icyo gihe dushobora kuba tugomba kwirinda abakozi, kandi ibyo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere yawe.”
Iyo abakozi bagaragaje ibimenyetso bihuye na COVID-19, Koonin yagize ati: “Bagomba kwirinda kujya ku kazi. Kugira ngo ubigereho, ugomba kugenzura neza ko politiki zawe zo mu kiruhuko cy’uburwayi zihinduka kandi zijyanye n’amabwiriza y’ubuzima rusange. Ubu, si buri kigo gifite politiki yo mu kiruhuko cy’uburwayi ku bakozi bacyo bose, bityo ushobora gutekereza gushyiraho politiki zimwe na zimwe zo mu kiruhuko cy’uburwayi mu gihe bibaye ngombwa kuzikoresha.”
Muri Badcock, Johnson yakusanyije urutonde rw'ibibazo by'abakozi bitewe n'akazi kabo cyangwa ibikorwa byabo. Ku isonga hari abakora ingendo mpuzamahanga. Urugendo rwo muri Vietnam rwasubitswe mu byumweru bike bishize, nk'uko yabitangaje.
Hakurikiraho abashoferi bafite inzira ndende banyura muri leta zo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba aho Badcock ikorera amaduka amagana. Hazakurikiraho abagenzuzi, abakozi basana n'abandi nabo bagenda mu maduka menshi. Abashoferi batwara ibicuruzwa bo mu gace batuyemo bari hasi gato ku rutonde, nubwo akazi kabo gashobora kuba gakomeye mu gihe cy'icyorezo. Ubuzima bw'aba bakozi buzakurikiranwa, kandi hari gahunda yo kurangiza akazi kabo mu gihe barwaye. Ibindi bibazo birimo gushyira mu bikorwa akazi gatandukanye no kwimura abakozi bazima bava ahantu hamwe bajya ahandi. Ibikoresho byo gupfuka bizaboneka nibiba ngombwa - udupfuka two guhumeka twa N95 turinda koko aho gupfuka udupfuka tudafite akamaro bamwe mu bacuruzi barimo kugurisha, Johnson yavuze. (Ariko, abahanga mu by'ubuzima bashimangira ko nta mpamvu y'uko abantu benshi bambara udupfuka muri iki gihe.)
Hagati aho, Johnson akomeje gukurikirana ibishya no kugisha inama abayobozi b’ubuzima bo mu gace batuyemo - ari na yo nama abayobozi ba CDC batanga.
Bane kuri 10 babajijwe ubushakashatsi bwa NRF bwasohotse ku ya 5 Werurwe bavuze ko imiyoboro yabo y’ibikoresho yahungabanye bitewe n’ingaruka za coronavirus. Abandi 26% bavuze ko biteze ko hazabaho ihungabana.
Abenshi mu babajijwe bagaragaje ko bafite politiki zo guhangana n’ihagarikwa ry’akazi cyangwa gusiba abakozi igihe kirekire.
Ibibazo by’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa byagaragajwe n’abitabiriye ubushakashatsi birimo gutinda kw’ibicuruzwa n’ibice byabyo byarangiye, ibura ry’abakozi mu nganda, gutinda kohereza amakontenari n’ibikoresho byo gupakira bito bikorerwa mu Bushinwa.
“Twemereye inganda kongera igihe kandi twashyizeho amabwiriza hakiri kare kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda mu maboko yacu.”
“Dushaka cyane amasoko mashya mpuzamahanga yo gukorera mu Burayi, mu karere ka Pasifika ndetse no ku mugabane wa Amerika”
“Guteganya kugura ibintu byinshi tudashaka kugurisha, no gutangira gutekereza uburyo bwo kubitanga mu gihe urujya n'uruza rw'abantu rwagabanuka.”
Amarushanwa ya perezida w’aba-Democrate atangiye kwiyubaka no kugira amarangamutima. Uwahoze ari Meya Pete Buttigieg na Senateri Amy Klobuchar basoje ibikorwa byabo byo kwiyamamaza banashyigikira uwahoze ari Visi Perezida Joe Biden mu ijoro rya Super Tuesday.
Nyuma yo kwitwara nabi kuri Super Tuesday, uwahoze ari Meya w’Umujyi wa New York, Michael Bloomberg, nawe yavuye muri uwo mwanya maze yemerera Biden. Uwakurikiyeho ni Senateri Elizabeth Warren, ava mu ntambara hagati ya Biden na Sanders.
Impungenge n'ubwoba bwinshi ku bijyanye na coronavirus byafashe ubutegetsi bwa Trump n'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ubwo bafatanyaga mu gufata ingamba zihutirwa zo gukemura ikibazo cy'ubuzima. Ubuyobozi bwagiranye ibiganiro bitaziguye n'abacuruzi mu guteza imbere ibikorwa bibungabunga umutekano w'abakozi n'abakiriya. Iki kibazo cyateje ihungabana ry'ubukungu ry'igihe gito muri Amerika kandi cyitabwaho byihuse na White House.
Perezida Trump yashyizeho Dr. Nancy Beck, umuyobozi wungirije mu Kigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije, kuyobora Komisiyo ishinzwe umutekano w’ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa. Beck afite ubumenyi muri guverinoma y’igihugu ndetse n’umukozi w’Inama y’Abanyamerika ishinzwe ubuvuzi bw’ibinyabutabire. Inganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu nzu zakoranye na Beck mbere ku mategeko agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya formaldehyde muri EPA.
Ibibazo bijyanye no kwangiza ibikoresho byo mu nzu byagaragajwe mu byumweru bishize aho CPSC yaburiye ibicuruzwa ku bijyanye n'ububiko bw'imyenda budakora neza. Ibi birimo kuba mu rwego rwo gukomeza gushyiraho amategeko. Twiteze amakuru menshi kuri ibyo vuba aha.
Ku ya 27 Mutarama, EPA yagaragaje formaldehyde nk'imwe mu miti 20 "ishyirwa imbere" yo gusuzuma ingaruka nk'uko biteganywa n'Itegeko ryo Kugenzura Ibiyobyabwenge. Ibi bitangira inzira y'uko abakora n'abatumiza iyi miti bagabana igice cy'ikiguzi cyo gusuzuma ingaruka, kingana na miliyoni 1.35 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe urutonde rw'amasosiyete EPA izashyira ahagaragara. Abakora ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'abacuruzi, rimwe na rimwe, batumiza formaldehyde nk'igice cy'ibicuruzwa by'ibiti bivanze. Urutonde rwa mbere rwa EPA ntirwari rurimo abakora ibikoresho byo mu nzu cyangwa abacuruzi, ariko amagambo y'itegeko rya EPA yasabaga ko ayo masosiyete yimenyekanisha binyuze ku rubuga rwa EPA. Urutonde rwa mbere rwari rurimo amasosiyete agera kuri 525 cyangwa ayandi.
Intego ya EPA kwari ugufata amasosiyete akora kandi agatumiza formaldehyde mu mahanga, ariko EPA irimo gushakisha uburyo bwo korohereza izo nganda zishobora kuba zarazanywe muri iki kibazo zitabigambiriye. EPA yongereye igihe cyo gutanga ibitekerezo ku baturage kugeza ku ya 27 Mata. Tuzakomeza gukorana kugira ngo tumenyeshe abanyamuryango intambwe ishoboka ikurikiraho.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amasezerano y'ubucuruzi y'icyiciro cya mbere hagati ya Amerika n'Ubushinwa ryateye imbere nubwo hari habayeho gutinda guterwa n'ingaruka za coronavirus mu Bushinwa no muri Amerika Ku ya 14 Gashyantare, ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwagabanyije umusoro wa 15 ku ijana ku bicuruzwa byaturutse mu Bushinwa bya List 4a ugera kuri 7.5 ku ijana. Ubushinwa kandi bwasubije inyuma amwe mu misoro yabwo yo kwihorera.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rishobora kugorana rishobora gutuma Ubushinwa butinda kugura ibicuruzwa na serivisi bya Amerika, harimo n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi, mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya coronavirus. Perezida Trump yagiranye ikiganiro na Perezida w'Ubushinwa Xi kugira ngo agabanye impungenge zose kandi yiyemeza gukorana ku bijyanye n'iyi virusi n'ubucuruzi.
Uhagarariye Ibiro by’Ubucuruzi bya Amerika aherutse gutangaza ko nta misoro ifite ingaruka ku nganda z’ibikoresho byo mu nzu, harimo bimwe mu bice by’intebe/sofa n’ibikoresho byo gukata/kudoda byatumijwe mu Bushinwa. Ibi bintu ntibigomba gukurikizwa kandi bitangira gukoreshwa kuva ku ya 24 Nzeri 2018 kugeza ku ya 7 Kanama 2020.
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Amerika yemeje Itegeko ryo Gukoresha Ibikoresho Bishaje (SOFFA) hagati mu Ukuboza. Icy'ingenzi ni uko verisiyo yemejwe n'ivugurura ryakozwe binyuze mu gusuzuma no kwemeza Komite y'Ubucuruzi ya Sena. Ibyo bituma gusuzuma ijambo rya Sena ari imbogamizi ya nyuma kugira ngo SOFFA ibe itegeko. Turimo gukorana n'abakozi ba Sena kugira ngo twongere abaterankunga bafatanyije no gushyigikira ko ishyirahamwe ryinjira mu ntera y'itegeko mu mpera za 2020.
Amasosiyete agize HFA muri Florida yakunze kwibasirwa n’“amabaruwa asaba serivisi” aturutse ku barega benshi bavuga ko imbuga zabo za interineti zidakurikiza ibisabwa n’Itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga. Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ya Amerika yanze gutanga ubuyobozi cyangwa gushyiraho amahame ya leta, bituma abacuruzi b’ibikoresho mu mwanya ugoye cyane (kandi uhenze!) - haba gukemura ibaruwa isaba serivisi cyangwa kuburana urubanza mu rukiko.
Iyi nkuru isanzwe yatumye Senateri Marco Rubio, perezida wa Komite y’Ubucuruzi Buto muri Sena, n’abakozi be bategura inama nyunguranabitekerezo kuri iki kibazo i Orlando mu mpeshyi ishize. Umwe mu bagize HFA Walker Furniture wo muri Gainesville, muri Florida, yasangije inkuru yayo anakorana n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa kugira ngo batange ibisubizo bishoboka kuri iki kibazo gikomeje kwiyongera.
Binyuze muri izi ngamba, HFA iherutse kugirana ibiganiro n'ikigo gishinzwe ubucuruzi buciriritse kugira ngo iki kibazo kimenyekane neza muri guverinoma ya Trump.
Amakuru ashimishije aturutse muri Alaska, Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Washington na Wyoming.
Buri mucuruzi w’ibikoresho byo mu nzu ugurisha mu ntara zose azi ukuntu bigoye kubahiriza inshingano z’umusoro ku bicuruzwa mu nzego zitandukanye.
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Arizona yumva agahinda kayo. Mu kwezi gushize, yemeje imyanzuro isaba Inteko Ishinga Amategeko "gushyiraho amategeko amwe y'igihugu yo koroshya imisoro ku bicuruzwa cyangwa imisoro isa nayo kugira ngo bagabanye umutwaro wo kubahiriza amategeko ku bagurisha ibicuruzwa biri kure."
Kodiak yari yiteguye kuba umujyi wa nyuma wa Alaska usaba abacuruzi bo hanze ya leta gukusanya no kohereza imisoro ku bicuruzwa byaguzwe n'abaturage. Leta nta musoro ku bicuruzwa ifite, ariko yemerera inzego z'ibanze gukusanya imisoro ku bicuruzwa byaguzwe mu turere twazo. Alaska Municipal League yashyizeho komisiyo ishinzwe gucunga imisoro ku bicuruzwa.
Umushinjacyaha mukuru wa leta yatanze "amakuru ajyanye n'amategeko" mu kwezi gushize yerekeye iyubahirizwa ry'Itegeko ry'Ubuzima bwite bw'Abaguzi muri California. Ubuyobozi burimo ibisobanuro by'uko kumenya niba amakuru ari "amakuru bwite" hakurikijwe amategeko biterwa niba ubucuruzi bugumana amakuru mu buryo "bugaragaza, bufitanye isano, busobanura, bushobora kuba bufite aho buhuriye, cyangwa bushobora kuba bufite aho buhuriye, mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye, n'umuguzi runaka cyangwa umuryango runaka."
Urugero, Jackson Lewis Law yanditse mu gitabo cyitwa The National Law Review agira ati: “Niba ikigo gikusanya aderesi za IP z’abashyitsi ku rubuga rwacyo ariko ntigihuze aderesi ya IP n’umuguzi cyangwa umuryango runaka, kandi kidashobora guhuza aderesi ya IP n’umuguzi cyangwa umuryango runaka, aderesi ya IP ntabwo yaba ari amakuru bwite. Amabwiriza yatanzwe yateganyaga ko ubucuruzi budashobora gukoresha amakuru bwite mu 'kindi kintu cyose kitari ukugaragazwa mu itangazo riri ku ikusanyirizo.' Ivugurura ryashyiraho amahame adakomeye cyane - 'intego itandukanye cyane n’igaragazwa mu itangazo riri ku ikusanyirizo.'”
Umushinga w’itegeko rya Senateri Joe Gruters risaba abacuruzi bo kuri interineti baturutse kure gukusanya umusoro ku bicuruzwa bigurishwa abaturage ba Florida wasomwe neza muri Komite Ishinzwe Imari mu kwezi gushize. Ariko, uko igihe cyagendaga kirangira mu nama y’inteko ishinga amategeko iriho ubu, wari ugitegereje gusuzumwa muri Komite Ishinzwe Igabanyirizwa ry’Imari. Iyi ngamba ishyigikiwe cyane n’abanyamuryango ba HFA muri Florida ndetse n’ishyirahamwe ry’abacuruzi bo muri Florida. Byatuma habaho ubwumvikane hagati y’abacuruzi bo kuri interineti n’abacuruza ibikoresho bigezweho, bagomba kwishyuza abakiriya babo umusoro ku bicuruzwa bya leta.
Ikindi kandi kigitegereje ni ibitekerezo byo gusaba abakoresha ba leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo kwitabira gahunda ya leta ya E-Verify, igamije kwemeza ko abimukira badafite ibyangombwa batari ku mushahara. Umushinga w’itegeko rya Sena uzakurikizwa ku bigo byigenga bifite nibura abakozi 50, nk’uko The Associated Press ibivuga, mu gihe umushinga w’itegeko rya Sena uzarekura abakoresha bigenga. Imiryango y’ubucuruzi n’ubuhinzi yagaragaje impungenge ku bijyanye na verisiyo ya Sena.
Umushinga w’itegeko wemejwe n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko mu mpera za Gashyantare uzabuza inzego z’ibanze kuzamura imisoro ku mutungo. Abawushyigikiye bavuga ko iyi ngamba ikenewe kugira ngo abasora bahabwe ubufasha, mu gihe inzego z’ibanze zemeza ko izabangamira ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutanga serivisi.
Umushinga w’itegeko rya Sena ya Leta uzashyiraho umusoro ku nyungu mbumbe zikomoka kuri serivisi zo kwamamaza hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga buri mwaka. Uzaba ari wo musoro wa mbere utangwa mu gihugu. Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Maryland irabyanga cyane iti: “Ikibazo gikomeye ku Nteko ni uko umutwaro w’ubukungu wa SB 2 uzaterwa n’ibigo bya Maryland n’abakoresha serivisi zo kwamamaza hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga - harimo imbuga za interineti na porogaramu,” nk’uko byatangajwe mu itangazo rya Action Alert. “Kubera uyu musoro, abatanga serivisi zo kwamamaza bazishyura abakiriya babo ibiciro byiyongereye. Ibi birimo ubucuruzi bwo muri Maryland bukoresha urubuga rwo kuri interineti kugira ngo bugere ku bakiriya bashya. Nubwo intego z’uyu musoro ari ibigo binini ku isi, abaturage ba Maryland bazabyumva cyane mu buryo bw’ibiciro biri hejuru n’amafaranga make yinjira.”
Itegeko rya kabiri rirebana n’impungenge, HB 1628, ryagabanya igipimo cy’umusoro ku bicuruzwa bya leta kiva kuri 6% kikagera kuri 5% ariko rikongera umusoro ukagera kuri serivisi – bigatuma umusoro rusange wiyongeraho miliyari 2.6 z’amadolari y’Amerika, nk’uko bivugwa n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Maryland. Serivisi zigomba gutangwa zirimo gutanga, gushyiramo ibikoresho, kwishyura amafaranga y’inguzanyo, gutanga raporo y’inguzanyo n’izindi serivisi z’umwuga.
Abashyigikiye iyi gahunda bavuga ko ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwishyura uburezi bwa leta, ariko Guverineri Larry Hogan yarahiye ati: “Ntabwo bizabaho igihe nzaba ndi Guverineri.”
Itegeko ryo muri Maryland rishinzwe kugenzura inyandiko z’ibyaha ryatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 29 Gashyantare. Ribuza amasosiyete afite abakozi 15 cyangwa barenga kubaza amateka y’ibyaha by’usaba akazi mbere y’ikiganiro cya mbere imbonankubone. Umukoresha ashobora kubaza mu gihe cy’ikiganiro cyangwa nyuma yacyo.
Izamuka ry’umusoro riteganyijwe rishobora kugira ingaruka ku bacuruzi b’ibikoresho byo mu nzu. Mu byasunitswe n’abayobozi mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko harimo izamuka ry’umusoro wa lisansi na mazutu ndetse n’imisoro y’ibigo byiyongera ku bigo bifite ibicuruzwa birenga miliyoni imwe y’amadolari ku mwaka. Inyungu y’inyongera yakwishyurwa mu kunoza ubwikorezi bwa leta. Umusoro wa lisansi uzazamuka uva kuri senti 24 kuri galoni ugere kuri senti 29 nk’uko byateganywaga. Ku bijyanye na mazutu, umusoro uzava kuri senti 24 ugere kuri senti 33.
Guverineri Andrew Cuomo arimo gusura leta aho ikoreshwa ry’urumogi mu buryo bwo kwidagadura ryemewe n’amategeko kugira ngo ashake uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha urumogi muri New York. Ahantu hagenewe uturere turimo Massachusetts, Illinois ndetse na Colorado cyangwa California. Yasezeranyije ko amategeko abigenga azashyirwaho uyu mwaka.
Abasenateri ba leta z’abarepubulikani banze inama y’inteko ishinga amategeko kugira ngo bange umubare w’abagomba kuba bateraniye aho kandi babuze gutora umushinga w’itegeko rigena igihe cyo gusimburana, nk’uko KGW8 yabitangaje. “Abademokarate banze gukorana n’abarepubulikani kandi banze buri vugurura ryose ryatanzwe,” nk’uko babivuze mu itangazo ryabo. “Mwitondere, Oregon – uru ni urugero nyakuri rwa politiki y’amashyaka.”
Guverineri w’Abademokarate Kate Brown yavuze ko iki gikorwa ari "igihe kibabaje kuri Oregon," avuga ko kizabuza ko itegeko rigena uburyo bwo kugoboka imyuzure n’andi mategeko ryemezwa.
Uyu mushinga w’itegeko uzasaba abahumanya ikirere cyane kugura "inguzanyo za karuboni," bishobora gutuma ibiciro by’ibigo by’amashanyarazi byiyongera.
Abademokarate bo mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko batanze impapuro zisaba abarepubulikani gutaha, ariko niba abademokarate bategetswe n’izo nyandiko biravugwaho rumwe.
Umushinga w’itegeko ryo kutubahiriza amategeko watanzwe umwaka ushize waburanishijwe muri Komite y’Ubucuruzi mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu mpera za Gashyantare. Ishyirahamwe ry’Abacuruzi bo muri Pennsylvania rirawurwanya kuko ushyira umutwaro munini ku bigo by’ubucuruzi kurusha amabanki cyangwa ibindi bigo bikora amakuru y’abaguzi.
Igipimo cy’umusoro ku bicuruzwa muri leta no mu gace ka Tennessee kiri ku kigero cya 9.53 ku ijana, kikaba ari cyo cyo hejuru cyane mu gihugu, nk’uko bivugwa n’ikigo gishinzwe imisoro. Ariko Louisiana iri inyuma cyane ku kigero cya 9.52 ku ijana. Arkansas iri ku mwanya wa gatatu ku kigero cya 9.47 ku ijana. Leta enye nta misoro ku bicuruzwa muri leta cyangwa mu gace ka Tennessee zifite: Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire na Oregon.
Oregon nta musoro ku bicuruzwa ifite, kandi kugeza umwaka ushize leta ya Washington ntiyigeze isaba abacuruzi bayo kwishyuza umusoro ku bicuruzwa abaturage ba Oregon bacuruza mu maduka ya Washington. Ubu irawufite, kandi bamwe mu bakurikiranira hafi bavuga ko impinduka zituma abakiriya benshi ba Oregon badashyira mu gaciro.
“Bill Marcus, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Kelso Longview, yarwanyije ihinduka ry’amategeko umwaka ushize,” KATU News ikomeza ivuga. “Yatinyaga ko byaba bibi ku bucuruzi ku mupaka. Avuga ko ubwo bwoba burimo kugerwaho.”
“Navuganye n’ibigo bike, bambwira ko biri hagati ya 40 na 60% mu bucuruzi bwabo muri Oregon,” Marcum yagize ati. Yongeyeho ko abacuruzi bahura n’ibibazo bikomeye, bagurisha ibintu binini nk’ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho bya siporo n’imitako.”
Ikiruhuko cy’umuryango n’icy’ubuvuzi cyishyurwa cyatangiye gukoreshwa muri leta ya Washington. Kireba abakoresha bose, kandi abantu bikorera ku giti cyabo bashobora kwiyandikisha. Kugira ngo abakozi bemererwe, bagomba kuba bakoze nibura amasaha 820 mu bihembwe bine muri bitanu mbere yo gusaba ikiruhuko cyishyurwa.
Iyi gahunda iterwa inkunga binyuze mu mafaranga y'ubwishingizi atangwa n'abakozi n'abakoresha. Ariko, imisanzu itangwa n'ibigo bifite abakozi bari munsi ya 50 ni ubushake. Ku bigo binini, abakoresha nibo bafite inshingano zo kwishyura kimwe cya gatatu cy'amafaranga y'ubwishingizi agomba kwishyurwa - cyangwa bashobora guhitamo kwishyura igice kinini nk'inyungu ku bakozi babo. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi, reba urubuga rwa leta rwa Paid Leave hano.
Itegeko ry’igihugu ryo kugaruza imisoro y’ibigo ryashyizweho rihagaritswe mu 2020. Iri tegeko ryari gushyiraho umusoro ku nyungu z’ibigo bya Wyoming wa 7% ku bigo bifite abanyamigabane barenga 100 bakorera muri iyo leta, kabone n’iyo byaba biri mu yindi leta.
“Bitandukanye n’ibyo bikunze kuvugwa, umusoro w’ibigo ureba si ukwimura amafaranga ava muri leta imwe ujya mu yindi,” Sven Larson, umunyeshuri mukuru muri Wyoming Liberty Group, yandikiye komite nshingamategeko. “Ni ukwiyongera gukomeye k’umutwaro w’imisoro ku bigo. Urugero, ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gicuruza ibikoresho byo gusana amazu Lowe's, gituye muri Carolina y’Amajyaruguru aho umusoro ku nyungu z’ibigo ari 2.5%, byaba bireba ukwiyongera gukomeye kw’ikiguzi cy’ibikorwa muri leta yacu.”
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-30-2020