1. Urusobe rw'inganda
Intebe zo mu biro ziva ku ntebe zitandukanye zagenewe korohereza akazi mu kazi ka buri munsi no mu bikorwa by'imibereho myiza. Mu buryo buciriritse, intebe zo mu biro ziva ku ntebe zifite imigongo ikoreshwa iyo abantu bicaye mu kazi ko ku meza. Mu buryo bwagutse, intebe zo mu biro zirimo intebe zose zikoreshwa mu biro, nko ku ntebe z'abayobozi, intebe zo hagati mu mugongo, intebe z'abashyitsi, intebe z'abakozi, intebe z'inama, intebe z'abashyitsi, n'intebe z'amahugurwa.
Ukurikije uruhererekane rw'inganda, ibikoresho fatizo byo mu biro birimo imyenda, uruhu rw'ubukorikori, ibikoresho by'umuringa, n'imbaho. Intebe zo mu biro zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bice bitandukanye, harimo ubucuruzi, amashuri, n'amazu.
2. Isesengura ry'Inganda zigezweho
Imyenda ni ingenzi mu ntebe zo mu biro, bikaba bigena uko zisa, uburyo zimeze, n'ibindi biranga imikorere yazo. Dukurikije imibare y'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare, umusaruro w'imyenda mu Bushinwa wagaragaje ko wagabanutse kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2022. Mu 2022, umusaruro w'imyenda mu Bushinwa wari metero miliyari 36.75, bivuze ko wagabanutseho 7.2% ugereranije n'umwaka ushize. Uku kugabanuka gushobora guterwa n'inganda zagizweho ingaruka na politiki zikomeye zo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu Bushinwa n'amakimbirane mpuzamahanga mu bucuruzi, bigatuma urwego rw'umusaruro w'imyenda n'inyungu mu gihugu rugabanuka. Umusaruro w'imyenda wakomeje kugabanuka, ariko washoboye guhaza ibyifuzo by'ibanze by'urwego rwo hasi.
Ku bijyanye n'uruhu, inganda z'uruhu zo mu Bushinwa zigizwe n'inzego eshanu z'ingenzi: gutunganya uruhu, gukora inkweto, ibicuruzwa by'uruhu, imyenda y'uruhu, ibyoya n'ibyoya bikomoka ku bwoya. Harimo kandi gushyigikira inganda nka ikoranabuhanga ry'uruhu, imiti y'uruhu, imashini z'uruhu, ibikoresho by'uruhu, n'ibikoresho by'inkweto. Nyuma y'imyaka irenga 20 y'iterambere ryihuse, inganda z'uruhu zo mu Bushinwa zashyizeho uburyo bwuzuye bukubiyemo umusaruro, imikorere, ubushakashatsi, n'ubuhinzi bw'impano. Ubushinwa bwabaye bumwe mu turere dukomeye ku isi mu gukora uruhu, ubwoya, n'ibicuruzwa byabwo. Mu 2022, umusaruro w'uruhu rw'ubukorikori mu Bushinwa wageze kuri metero kare miliyoni 530.
Ibikoresho by'umuringa, birimo umuringa n'umuringa w'umwimerere, bikoreshwa mu gukora imiterere itandukanye nk'imigozi, insinga, impapuro, imirongo, imiyoboro, na foil. Ibikoresho by'umuringa bitunganywa hakoreshejwe uburyo nko kuzingira, gusohora no gushushanya. Mu 2021, umusaruro w'ibikoresho by'umuringa mu Bushinwa wageze kuri toni miliyoni 21.235, bivuze ko wiyongeraho 3.8% ugereranyije n'umwaka. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nzeri 2022, umusaruro w'ibikoresho by'umuringa mu Bushinwa wari toni miliyoni 16.366.
Ubushinwa bufite amateka maremare y’iterambere mu nganda z’ibiti. Mu 2021, umusaruro w’ibiti mu Bushinwa wageze kuri metero kibe miliyoni 98.88, bikaba byaragabanutseho metero kibe miliyoni 3.69 ugereranije no mu 2020, bikaba bigaragaza igabanuka rya 3.60% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize.
3. Isesengura ry'Inganda zo Hagati
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’umubare w’ibigo by’ubucuruzi mu Bushinwa, ingano y’abashinzwe ibiro ku isoko nayo yagaragaje ko izamuka buhoro buhoro. Mu 2021, ingano y’isoko yageze kuri miliyari 30.8 z’amayuani, bivuze ko izamuka rya 16.2% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize ugereranije n’umwaka ushize.
Urebye urwego rw’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ingano n’agaciro by’inganda zitwara intebe zo mu Bushinwa byagiye byiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2021. Mu 2021, inganda zitwara intebe zo mu biro mu Bushinwa zagizweho ingaruka n’umuvuduko w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu ngo, bituma umubare munini w’ibikoresho byoherezwa mu mahanga ugera kuri miliyoni 96.26.
Kuva mu myaka ya 1990, ibikoresho byo mu biro byagiye bitera imbere byihuse. Ibicuruzwa birimo intebe zo mu biro, ameza yo mu biro, utubati two gushyiramo amadosiye, ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa sisitemu (nk'amadirishya, sisitemu zo ku meza, ibikoresho, nibindi), n'utubati two kubikamo ibintu. Intebe zo mu biro zakomeje kuba iz'ingenzi ku masoko y'ibikoresho byo mu biro mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Mu Bushinwa, isoko ry'intebe zo mu biro ringana na 31% by'isoko ryose ry'ibikoresho byo mu biro. Bitewe n'uko ibintu bigezweho mu miterere y'ibikoresho byo mu biro bigenda birushaho gukundwa, imiterere y'intebe zo mu biro igiye gutegurwa izibanda cyane ku kwita ku bantu, harimo kongera ihumure mu miterere, itandukaniro ry'imikorere, kunoza ubwiza, no kwiyongera kw'uburyo ibice bigize intebe bikoresha. Urebye amafaranga Yongyi Group na Henglin Group binjiza kuva mu 2019 kugeza 2021, Yongyi Group yazamutse buhoro buhoro mu nyungu zikoreshwa, mu gihe Henglin Group yabonye igabanuka ry'amafaranga yinjiza muri iki gice cy'ubucuruzi mu 2021. Mu 2021, amafaranga yinjizaga muri iki gice cy'ubucuruzi yari miliyari 3.14 z'amayuan kuri Yongyi Group na miliyari 2.24 z'amayuan kuri Henglin Group.
Ugereranyije inyungu mbumbe ya Yongyi Corporation na Henglin Corporation mu bigo byabo by’ubuyobozi, ibigo byombi byagaragaje icyerekezo cyo kwiyongera kwa mbere hagakurikiraho kugabanuka. Mu 2021, Yongyi Corporation na Henglin Corporation byabonye inyungu mbumbe ya 18.4% na 20.6%.
4. Isesengura ry'Inganda Zikiri mu Miterere y'Iterambere
Urebye aho abaguzi bahurira mu nganda z’intebe zo mu biro mu Bushinwa, intebe zo mu biro zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bintu bitandukanye, harimo ibigo, uburezi, n’ingo. Nk’ikintu cy’ingenzi mu ikoreshwa ry’ibiro, iterambere rikomeye ry’inyubako z’ibiro ryatumye habaho isoko rinini ry’ibikoresho byo mu biro. Mu 2021, umubare w’inyubako z’ibiro mu Bushinwa wageze kuri miliyari 525.89 z’amayuan, birushaho kugira uruhare mu kwiyongera k’ubukene ku isoko bw’intebe zo mu biro.
Umubare w’ibigo mu Bushinwa wagaragaje iterambere rirambye mu myaka yashize, uva kuri miliyoni 18.09 mu 2017 ugera kuri miliyoni 48.42 mu 2021. Muri byo, igipimo cy’iterambere mu 2021 cyageze kuri 8.6%.
Amakuru n'amakuru byavuzwe haruguru bishobora kurebwa muri raporo yiswe "Isesengura ry'imiterere y'isoko ry'inganda mu Bushinwa rya 2023-2029" ryasohowe na Zhiyan Consulting. Zhiyan Consulting ni ikigo gitanga amakuru n'ubuhanga mu bijyanye n'ubujyanama mu nganda mu Bushinwa. Imitekerereze y'ikirango cy'ikigo ni "guteza imbere iterambere ry'inganda hakoreshejwe amakuru no guha imbaraga ibyemezo by'ishoramari ry'ibigo." Batanga serivisi z'ubujyanama mu nganda ku bigo, harimo raporo z'ubushakashatsi ku nganda nziza, serivisi zihariye, ingingo za buri kwezi, raporo z'ubushobozi, gahunda z'ubucuruzi, na gahunda y'inganda. Batanga raporo zihoraho nka raporo za buri cyumweru, buri kwezi, buri gihembwe, na buri mwaka, ndetse n'amakuru ahariye, akubiyemo ibintu nko kugenzura politiki, imiterere y'ibigo, amakuru y'inganda, ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa, incamake y'ishoramari, amahirwe y'isoko, n'isesengura ry'ibyago.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-19-2023