1. Unyolo wa Makampani
Mipando ya ofesi imatanthauza mipando yosiyanasiyana yopangidwira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso zochitika za anthu. M'lingaliro lochepa, mipando ya ofesi imatanthauza makamaka mipando yokhala ndi mipando yakumbuyo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito anthu akakhala pansi kuti agwire ntchito pa desktop. M'lingaliro lalikulu, mipando ya ofesi imaphatikizapo mipando yonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo aofesi, monga mipando ya akuluakulu, mipando yapakati kumbuyo, mipando ya alendo, mipando ya antchito, mipando yamisonkhano, mipando ya alendo, ndi mipando yophunzitsira.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a unyolo wa mafakitale, zipangizo zopangira mipando yaofesi zimaphatikizapo nsalu, chikopa chopangidwa, zinthu zamkuwa, ndi matabwa. Mipando yaofesi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mabizinesi, masukulu, ndi nyumba.
2. Kusanthula kwa Makampani Okwera
Nsalu ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa mipando yaofesi, zomwe zimawonetsa mawonekedwe awo, chitonthozo chawo, ndi zina zomwe amachita. Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuchokera ku National Bureau of Statistics, kupanga nsalu ku China kwawonetsa kutsika kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2022. Mu 2022, kupanga nsalu ku China kunali mamita 36.75 biliyoni, zomwe zikuyimira kuchepa kwa 7.2% poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha. Kutsika kumeneku kungachitike chifukwa cha makampani omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mfundo zolimba zachilengedwe ku China komanso mikangano yamalonda yapadziko lonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupanga nsalu kukhale kochepa komanso phindu mdzikolo. Kupanga nsalu kwakhala kukuchepa nthawi zonse, koma kwakhala kukukwaniritsa zofunikira za gawo lotsika.
Ponena za chikopa, makampani opanga zikopa aku China ali ndi magawo asanu akuluakulu: kupukuta khungu, kupanga nsapato, katundu wa zikopa, zovala zachikopa, ubweya, ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi ubweya. Zimaphatikizaponso kuthandizira mafakitale monga ukadaulo wa zikopa, mankhwala a zikopa, makina a zikopa, zida zachikopa, ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsapato. Pambuyo pa zaka zoposa 20 za chitukuko chachangu, makampani opanga zikopa aku China apanga dongosolo lonse lophatikiza kupanga, ntchito, kafukufuku, ndi kulima maluso. China yakhala imodzi mwa madera akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi opanga zikopa, ubweya, ndi zinthu zawo. Mu 2022, kupanga zikopa zopangidwa ku China kunafika mamita 530 miliyoni.
Zipangizo zamkuwa, kuphatikizapo mkuwa weniweni ndi zitsulo zamkuwa, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana monga mipiringidzo, mawaya, mapepala, mizere, machubu, ndi zojambula. Zipangizo zamkuwa zimakonzedwa kudzera m'njira monga kupotoza, kutulutsa, ndi kukoka. Mu 2021, kupanga zinthu zamkuwa ku China kunafika matani 21.235 miliyoni, zomwe zikuyimira kukula kwa 3.8% pachaka. Kuyambira Januwale mpaka Seputembala 2022, kupanga zinthu zamkuwa ku China kunali matani 16.366 miliyoni.
China yakhala ikukula kwambiri pamakampani opanga matabwa. Mu 2021, kupanga matabwa ku China kunafika pa ma cubic metres 98.88 miliyoni, zomwe zinali kuchepa kwa ma cubic metres 3.69 miliyoni poyerekeza ndi 2020, zomwe zikuyimira kuchepa kwa 3.60% chaka ndi chaka.
3. Kusanthula kwa Makampani a Pakati
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi ku China, kukula kwa msika wa mipando yamaofesi kwawonetsanso kukwera pang'onopang'ono. Mu 2021, kukula kwa msika kunafika pa 30.8 biliyoni ya yuan, zomwe zikuyimira kukula kwa 16.2% pachaka poyerekeza ndi 2020.
Poganizira kukula kwa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja ndi mtengo wa makampani opanga mipando ya maofesi ku China kwawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2021. Mu 2021, makampani ogulitsa mipando ya maofesi ku China adakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja kwa mipando yapakhomo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zinthu zotumizidwa kunja zikhale zambiri kuposa kale lonse, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zinthu zotumizidwa kunja zikhale zokwana 96.26 miliyoni.
Kuyambira m'ma 1990, zinthu zopangira mipando yaofesi zakula mofulumira. Zinthuzi zikuphatikizapo mipando yaofesi, madesiki aofesi, makabati osungiramo mafayilo, mipando yamakina (monga zowonetsera, makina owonetsera madesiki, zowonjezera, ndi zina zotero), ndi makabati osungiramo zinthu. Mipando yaofesi nthawi zonse yakhala ikulamulira m'misika ya mipando yaofesi yamkati ndi yapadziko lonse. Ku China, gawo la msika wa mipando yaofesi limawerengera pafupifupi 31% ya msika wonse wa mipando yaofesi. Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa ergonomics pakukonza mipando yaofesi, mapangidwe a mipando yaofesi amtsogolo adzayang'ana kwambiri chisamaliro cha anthu, kuphatikizapo chitonthozo chowonjezereka pakupanga, kusiyanasiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito, kukongola kowonjezereka, komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa zigawo. Poganizira ndalama zomwe Yongyi Group ndi Henglin Group amapeza kuchokera ku malonda a mipando yaofesi kuyambira 2019 mpaka 2021, Yongyi Group yakhala ikukwera pang'onopang'ono pa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, pomwe Henglin Group yawona kuchepa kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza kuchokera ku gawo la bizinesi iyi mu 2021. Mu 2021, ndalama zomwe zimapeza kuchokera ku gawo la bizinesi iyi zinali 3.14 biliyoni yuan ya Yongyi Group ndi 2.24 biliyoni yuan ya Henglin Group.
Poyerekeza phindu lonse la Yongyi Corporation ndi Henglin Corporation m'mabizinesi awo okhala ndi maudindo, makampani onsewa awonetsa kuwonjezeka koyamba kutsatiridwa ndi kuchepa komwe kunachitika pambuyo pake. Mu 2021, Yongyi Corporation ndi Henglin Corporation adalemba phindu lonse la 18.4% ndi 20.6% motsatana.
4. Kusanthula kwa Makampani Otsika
Poganizira za malo ogulitsira zinthu omwe ali pansi pa makampani opanga mipando yaofesi ku China, mipando yaofesi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo makampani, maphunziro, ndi mabanja. Monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito maofesi, chitukuko chachikulu cha nyumba zaofesi chapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mipando yaofesi pamsika. Mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa nyumba zaofesi ku China kudafika pa 525.89 biliyoni ya yuan, zomwe zidathandizira kuti kufunikira kwa mipando yaofesi kukule.
Chiwerengero cha mabizinesi ku China chakhala chikukwera pang'onopang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwa, chikukwera kuchoka pa 18.09 miliyoni mu 2017 kufika pa 48.42 miliyoni mu 2021. Pakati pawo, chiwongola dzanja cha kukula mu 2021 chinafika pa 8.6%.
Deta ndi chidziwitso chomwe chili pamwambapa zitha kufotokozedwa kuchokera ku lipoti lotchedwa "2023-2029 China Office Chairman Industry Status Survey and Investment Prospects Analysis" lofalitsidwa ndi Zhiyan Consulting. Zhiyan Consulting ndi kampani yopereka chidziwitso chokwanira komanso nzeru pankhani ya upangiri wa mafakitale ku China. Nzeru ya kampaniyo ndi "kuyendetsa chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi chidziwitso ndikupatsa mphamvu zisankho zoyika ndalama m'mabizinesi." Amapereka ntchito zolangizira zaukadaulo m'mafakitale kumakampani, kuphatikiza malipoti apamwamba ofufuza zamakampani, ntchito zosinthidwa, mitu ya pamwezi, malipoti otheka, mapulani abizinesi, ndi kukonzekera mafakitale. Amapereka malipoti okhazikika monga malipoti a sabata iliyonse, pamwezi, kotala, ndi pachaka, komanso deta yosinthidwa, yokhudza madera monga kuwunika mfundo, kayendetsedwe ka makampani, deta yamakampani, kusinthasintha kwa mitengo yazinthu, chidule cha ndalama, mwayi wamsika, ndi kusanthula zoopsa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-19-2023